Top 6 Sustainable Deck Building Materials

Looking for eco-friendly deck materials that last? Here's a quick guide to the top 6 options for sustainable decking. These materials are durable, low-maintenance, and environmentally conscious:

• Reclaimed Wood: Salvaged from old structures, offering a rustic look. Requires regular upkeep but reduces waste.

• Bamboo: A fast-growing, renewable option. Naturally pest-resistant but needs sealing in extreme weather.

• Recycled Composite: Made from recycled plastic and wood fibers. Low maintenance and long-lasting but has a higher upfront cost.

• Aluminum: Fully recyclable, fire/moisture-resistant, and extremely durable. Minimal upkeep but expensive initially.

• FSC-Certified Wood: Responsibly sourced wood. Natural decay resistance but needs consistent care.

• Porcelain Pavers: Durable, weather-resistant, and low-maintenance. Higher initial cost but long-term savings.

Quick Comparison

Choose based on your climate, budget, and sustainability goals. Each option balances durability, cost, and environmental impact, ensuring a long-lasting, eco-conscious outdoor space.

Top 5 Decking Material Options in 2024

How to Choose Eco-Friendly Deck Materials

When planning a deck, it's important to consider materials that are both environmentally friendly and built to last. Here's what to keep in mind:

Recycled Content
Look for decking materials made with high levels of recycled content and certified for sustainability. These options help reduce landfill waste while providing sturdy, reliable decking.

Weather Resistance
Your deck should withstand your local weather conditions with minimal upkeep. Here's a quick guide:

Durability and Maintenance
Choose materials that last and require little effort to maintain. For example, composite decking often lasts twice as long as traditional wood and only needs basic cleaning with soap and water. In contrast, traditional wood may require harsh chemicals for maintenance.

Local Availability
Opt for locally sourced materials to cut down on transportation emissions and support nearby businesses. For instance, cedar and redwood from responsibly managed forests are naturally resistant to decay and pests, while also reducing the environmental impact of shipping.

End-of-Life Recyclability
Consider what happens when your deck reaches the end of its use. Aluminum decking, for example, is not only durable but can also be recycled.

Natural Resistance Properties
Some materials come with built-in protection, reducing the need for chemical treatments:

• Bamboo naturally resists pests and moisture

• Cedar offers resistance to decay

• Modified wood becomes highly durable through non-toxic processes

These features boost the lifespan of your deck while lowering its environmental footprint.

Fastener Selection
Don’t overlook fasteners. Choose corrosion-resistant options made from recycled or sustainable materials to extend the life of your deck and enhance its overall eco-friendliness.

Materials at a Glance: Quick Reference Table

Here's a handy table summarizing various deck materials:

Price Notes:

• Prices exclude installation costs

• Premium options may exceed these ranges

• Local availability can impact pricing

• Bulk purchases may qualify for discounts

Examples of product-specific pricing:

• TimberTech composite: $5.70–$13.50 per square foot

• Trex composite: $5.00–$12.00 per square foot

• Premium FSC-certified redwood: up to $35.00 per square foot

This table provides a starting point for understanding each material's strengths and trade-offs. Further details on these options will help you make an informed choice.

1. Reclaimed Wood

Reclaimed wood is a popular eco-conscious option for decking. It offers a rustic, historical look while helping to reduce the demand for new timber. This material is salvaged from various sources, giving it a second life.

Material Source

Reclaimed wood is often sourced from dismantled structures such as:

• Demolished buildings

• Historic barns

• Retired ships

• Old industrial facilities

Its previous uses often improve its quality. Many reclaimed pieces are made from old-growth wood, known for being naturally denser and more durable than newer lumber. For instance, homeowner George Mabry demonstrated the versatility of reclaimed wood by using teak from Southeast Asian demolition sites and redwood from California olive oil barrels in his home design.

Expected Lifespan

How long a reclaimed wood deck lasts depends on factors like the type of wood, its past use, exposure to local weather, maintenance, and how well it’s installed. On average, untreated wood decks have a lifespan of 10 to 30 years.

Required Upkeep

To keep a reclaimed wood deck in good shape, regular maintenance is key. Mike Reynolds from Ecohome highlights the importance of upkeep:

"Cedar decking boards turn gray in a few short years if untreated, and can make your deck look much older and closer to the end of its life than it actually is".

Maintenance tasks include:

• Cleaning and sanding annually

• Re-staining every 2–3 years

• Inspecting for damage and replacing boards as needed

• Applying a protective sealant

• Adding a waterproof membrane to protect deck joists

Price Range

Reclaimed wood typically costs between $10 and $20 per board foot. This price reflects the work involved in preparing the wood. As Chad Beatty, vice president of Elmwood Reclaimed Timber, explains:

"Without that step, the wood could warp again".

Up next, discover how bamboo decking can be another environmentally friendly choice for your outdoor space.

2. Bamboo Decking

Bamboo decking offers a practical and eco-friendly alternative to traditional wood, combining renewable sourcing with reliable performance.

Material Source

Bamboo is a fast-growing plant, capable of growing up to 3.3 feet daily and reaching maturity in just 4-5 years. This makes it a highly renewable resource. Moso bamboo, the species commonly used for decking, stands out for its ability to absorb four times more carbon dioxide than typical hardwoods. Harvesting 20-25% annually not only supports sustainable production but also helps maintain forest health.

Expected Lifespan

With proper manufacturing and care, bamboo decking can last over 25 years. This durability is achieved through thermal processing and compression techniques. As Nicole Nicholson, Marketing & Sustainability Specialist, explains:

"Bamboo's thermal treatment and compression ensure a sustainable, durable decking option".

Required Upkeep

To keep bamboo decking in good shape, regular maintenance is necessary:

• Clean the surface annually.

• Apply penetrating oils once a year.

• Seal the decking in areas with extreme weather.

• Ensure proper spacing and ventilation during installation to avoid moisture problems.

Price Range

The cost of bamboo decking depends on the type of installation and project complexity:

Material costs range from $3 to $10 per square foot, while professional installation adds $15 to $30 per square foot. This pricing places bamboo in the same league as high-end hardwoods, with the added benefit of being environmentally friendly.

3. Recycled Composite Decking

Recycled composite decking is another eco-conscious choice, offering a smart way to reuse materials while creating durable outdoor spaces.

Material Source

This type of decking is made with about 95% recycled content. For example, Trex, a leading manufacturer, recycles over 850 million pounds of plastic film and wood waste annually. Nearly all the runoff from their production process is also recycled.

Expected Lifespan

Composite decking can last 25–30 years, with some warranties extending up to 50 years.

"Composite decking is designed to last significantly longer than traditional wood decking. On average, composite decking can last anywhere from 25 to 30 years or more with proper care and maintenance." - Sherwood Lumber

Required Upkeep

One of the biggest perks of composite decking is how little maintenance it needs. Unlike traditional wood, composite decking doesn’t require:

• Regular painting

• Staining

• Sealing

• Rot prevention

• Termite treatment

This makes it a hassle-free option for homeowners who want a long-lasting deck without ongoing upkeep.

Price Range

Although the upfront cost is higher, the long-term savings make it a cost-effective choice. Here's a breakdown of typical costs:

These prices reflect the reduced need for maintenance, extended lifespan, and resistance to weather damage - factors that can save you money over time.

4. Aluminum Decking

Aluminum decking stands out for its durability and low maintenance. It resists warping, cracking, splintering, and mold growth, making it a reliable choice for outdoor spaces.

Material Source

Aluminum is one of the most recyclable materials used in construction. Its production process allows it to be recycled repeatedly without losing quality, making it an eco-conscious decking option.

Expected Lifespan

High-quality aluminum decking, built to meet strict structural standards, can last over 20 years. Its strength and resistance to environmental wear make it a long-lasting choice.

"For its longevity and low maintenance needs, aluminum decking is hard to beat. You'll likely never need to replace aluminum deck boards once properly installed." - Today's Homeowner

Required Upkeep

Aluminum decking's resistance to common issues like warping and cracking means maintenance is minimal.

Price Range

Aluminum decking requires a higher upfront cost, but its durability and low maintenance can save money over time. Here's a breakdown of current pricing as of January 2025:

For DIY enthusiasts, installation costs range from $3,500 to $9,000, while professional projects average $12,500 or $23.52–$28.84 per square foot.

5. FSC-Certified Wood

FSC-certified wood offers an eco-conscious option for building decks. It's sourced from forests managed under the Forest Stewardship Council's (FSC) strict standards, ensuring responsible forestry practices and traceable wood origins.

Material Source

The FSC oversees 154.7 million acres of forests across the U.S. and Canada. Its certification system is based on 10 core principles, which include legal compliance, protecting worker rights, safeguarding Indigenous Peoples, and maintaining ecosystem services.

Expected Lifespan

FSC-certified wood is built to last, especially in outdoor settings like decks. With proper installation and regular upkeep, it can remain durable for years.

Required Upkeep

Caring for an FSC-certified wood deck involves regular cleaning with natural products and periodic inspections. These steps help identify wear or damage early, keeping the deck in good condition and visually appealing.

Price Range

FSC-certified wood generally costs 0-15% more than standard lumber. To ensure you're purchasing genuine products, look for the FSC logo and verify certification through trusted dealers.

Up next, discover other eco-friendly materials that combine durability with sustainability for decking projects.

6. Porcelain Pavers

Porcelain pavers are a durable and eco-conscious option for deck construction. Made from refined clay and natural minerals, they are fired at temperatures exceeding 2,200°F, resulting in a material that's both strong and long-lasting.

Material Source

These pavers are crafted from natural clay and minerals, with some manufacturers incorporating recycled materials into their production. The manufacturing process is designed to reduce environmental impact. Sustainability expert Anton White highlighted their benefits in June 2024:

"Porcelain tiles are made from natural materials, produced through energy-efficient processes, and offer a long lifespan that reduces the need for frequent replacements. They are environmentally friendly and require minimal maintenance."

Expected Lifespan

Porcelain pavers are built to last, often outperforming many traditional decking materials. Their dense structure and high-temperature firing process make them highly resistant to various challenges, as shown below:

Required Upkeep

These pavers require very little maintenance. Thanks to their non-porous surface, they resist stains and water damage, eliminating the need for harsh cleaning chemicals. Routine care involves only eco-friendly cleaning products.

Price Range

Porcelain paver costs vary depending on the finish and quality:

While the upfront cost may be higher, their durability and low maintenance make them a budget-friendly choice in the long run. Porcelain pavers offer a sleek and practical solution for modern outdoor spaces, standing out as a strong contender for sustainable decking materials.

Material Comparison: Pros and Cons

Here's a breakdown of sustainable deck materials based on key factors to help you make an informed choice:

This table outlines the specific benefits and drawbacks of each option, helping you weigh them based on your priorities.

Performance Highlights

Each material offers distinct advantages. Recycled composite decking stands out for its low maintenance and resistance to warping or splintering. Bamboo is a fast-renewing option with natural defenses against moisture and pests. For unmatched durability, aluminum decking resists fire, insects, and moisture while being fully recyclable.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

• Initial Costs vs. Long-Term Savings: Materials like aluminum may have a higher upfront cost but save money over time due to minimal maintenance needs.

• Durability Meets Sustainability: Opting for durable and environmentally friendly materials can reduce upkeep and lessen reliance on non-renewable resources.

Climate Performance

Different materials perform better in specific climates. Composite decking is ideal for wet environments due to its moisture resistance. Aluminum shines in wildfire-prone areas with its fire resistance. Meanwhile, FSC-certified wood works well in humid settings, often requiring fewer chemical treatments. Choose a material that aligns with your local weather conditions and maintenance preferences.

Next Steps

Ready to start your eco-friendly decking project? Here’s how to move forward:

Choosing the Right Materials

Think about your local weather and specific project requirements. Rick Goldstein of MOSAIC Group Architects and Remodelers explains, "'Green' has such a large definition. There are no perfect metrics. When it comes to decking, I don't know of any products that are truly green–they just have green aspects." Use this perspective to weigh your options and pick the material that fits your needs.

Key Factors to Keep in Mind

• Location Matters: Look at your deck’s exposure to sunlight and weather to pick materials that will last in those conditions.

• Budgeting Wisely: Compare upfront costs with potential savings over time to make an informed decision.

Keeping It Low-Maintenance

After selecting your materials, create a simple upkeep plan. Use natural cleaning products, inspect your deck regularly, and opt for non-toxic sealants and durable, eco-conscious fasteners.

Expert Help for Installation

Eco Home Repair’s team can guide you through material selection, ensure proper installation with good drainage and ventilation, and provide tips for long-term care.

FAQs

What makes reclaimed wood a sustainable choice for building decks?

Reclaimed wood is a highly sustainable decking option because it repurposes wood that might otherwise end up in landfills. By giving this material a second life, it reduces the demand for logging and helps preserve forests.

Additionally, reclaimed wood often features unique textures and character that add a distinct, timeless look to your deck while minimizing its environmental footprint. It's an eco-friendly way to combine sustainability with style and durability.

Is aluminum decking worth the upfront cost compared to its long-term maintenance savings?

Aluminum decking can have a higher upfront cost compared to other materials, but it often pays off in the long run due to its durability and minimal maintenance requirements. Unlike wood, aluminum doesn’t warp, rot, or require regular staining, which can save homeowners both time and money over the years.

While the initial investment may seem steep, the reduced need for repairs and upkeep - combined with its long lifespan - makes aluminum decking an attractive, cost-effective option for those looking to build a sustainable and low-maintenance deck.

What is the best sustainable decking material for coastal areas with high humidity and moisture?

For coastal areas with high humidity and moisture, Kebony Clear decking is an excellent choice. This modified wood is designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions, including exposure to salt air and moisture, making it highly durable and resistant to rot and decay.

In addition to its strength, Kebony Clear is an eco-friendly option, as it’s made using a sustainable process that enhances the wood’s durability without the use of harmful chemicals. It also offers a sleek, natural appearance that complements outdoor spaces beautifully, even in challenging climates.

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